The brick and stone walls of Hagia Sophia in İznik

Christian Heritage · 3 sites

Ancient Councils & the Foundations of Christianity

Some of the most important decisions in Christian history were made in what is now Turkey. Bishops gathered at Nicaea in 325 and at Ephesus in 431 to settle questions of faith that still shape the creeds of churches worldwide. For travellers drawn to theology and the early Church, these are essential places.

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Black SeaMediterranean SeaAegean Sea1İznik2Church of Mary3St Simeon
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The brick and stone walls of Hagia Sophia in İznik
1İznikİznik, Bursa

The First Council of Nicaea

In the summer of 325, bishops from across the Roman world met at Nicaea and agreed the first form of the Nicene Creed, still recited in churches every Sunday. Today the town is İznik, ringed by its ancient walls on the shore of a peaceful lake. Visit Hagia Sophia of İznik, where a later council met in 787.

Columns and walls of the Church of Mary at Ephesus
2Church of Mary, EphesusSelçuk, İzmir

In 431, the Council of Ephesus met in this long church and declared Mary to be Theotokos, the Mother of God. Its walls and columns stand open to the sky at the edge of the ancient city. Stand in the nave and imagine the debates that shaped how Christians understand the nature of Christ.

Ruined stone walls of the Monastery of St Simeon on the hills above Samandağ
3Monastery of St SimeonSamandağ, Hatay

On a hilltop near Antioch, St Simeon Stylites the Younger spent most of his life on top of a stone pillar, and pilgrims came from far and wide to hear him. The monastery that grew around the pillar is now an evocative ruin, with wide views to the Mediterranean.

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Ancient Councils & the Foundations of Christianity
The Seven Churches of Revelation
Biblical Sites & the Journeys of St Paul
Sacred Churches & Pilgrimage Sites
Cappadocia's Rock-Cut Churches & Monasteries
Eastern Christian Heritage & Historic Monasteries

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Christian Heritage

More themes to explore

Ancient columns and arches against a blue sky in Ephesus7 sitesThe Seven Churches of RevelationThe seven communities of the Book of Revelation, all in western Turkey.The carved stone façade of St Peter's Cave Church in Antakya4 sitesBiblical Sites & the Journeys of St PaulAntioch, Tarsus and Perge, on the roads of the apostles.The small stone House of the Virgin Mary among the trees6 sitesSacred Churches & Pilgrimage SitesThe House of the Virgin Mary, St Nicholas and the churches of Istanbul.Painted ceiling with Christ in a medallion in a rock-cut church at Göreme7 sitesCappadocia's Rock-Cut Churches & MonasteriesPainted cave churches and monasteries carved into volcanic rock.The arched golden stone courtyard of Mor Gabriel Monastery5 sitesEastern Christian Heritage & Historic MonasteriesThe Syriac monasteries of Mardin and the Armenian churches of Lake Van.

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